• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    DC power supply and motor drive devices, air conditioner, and refrigerator. this dc power supply device is provided with: a rectifier (2) connected to a power supply (1); a charge storage unit configured from a first capacitor (6a) and a second capacitor (6b) connected in series; a switching unit (7) configured from a first switching element (4a) and a second switching element (4b) connected in series, and reverse flow prevention elements (5a, 5b) which, by means of the inhibition of reverse flow, suppresses a reverse flow of electrical charge from the charge storage unit; m inductor (3); a control unit (8) which controls the operation of the first switching element (4a) and the second switching element (4b); and a dc voltage sensing unit (10) which detects a first voltage at both terminals which is the voltage across the first capacitor (6a) and a second voltage at both terminals which is the voltage across the second capacitor (6b). the control unit detects a short-circuit failure of the first switching element (4a) and the second switching element (4b) based on the voltage difference between the first voltage at both terminals and the second voltage at both terminals.
    公开号:BR112016008101B1
    申请号:R112016008101-3
    申请日:2013-10-18
    公开日:2021-07-13
    发明作者:Yosuke Shinomoto；Kazunori Hatakeyama；Shota Kamiya
    申请人:Mitsubishi Electric Corporation；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field
    [001] The present invention relates to a direct current power supply device, a motor drive device, an air conditioner and a refrigerator. Fundamentals
    [002] A technology has been described to standardize 200 volts and 400 volts by comparing a direct current voltage, which is connected to a commercial and rectified three-phase power supply, with a reference value and operating or interrupting a first switching element and a second switching element (eg Patent Literature 1). A technology has been described for storing energy in a reactor and boosting a voltage by continuously setting a period in which a first switching element and a second switching element are simultaneously activated and deactivated or simultaneously activated, a period in which only one of the first switching element and the second switching element is activated, a period in which the first switching element and the second switching element are simultaneously activated, and a period in which only the other of the first switching element and the second switching element is enabled (eg Patent Literature 2).
    [003] With respect to a commercial single-phase power supply, a technology has been described to make it possible to control full wave rectification and dual voltage rectification and control over a wide variety of output voltages by alternately switching two switching elements connected in series ( eg Patent Literature 3).
    [004] In addition, a technology has been described in which reinforcement cut-off units configured by switching elements and reactors inserted in respective phases are connected to a neutral point of a star connection wire of a multiphase power supply and the elements switches operate, whereby harmonics are suppressed (eg Patent Literature 4).
    [005] A technology for maintaining a constant boost ratio by controlling activation/deactivation of a dual voltage switch has been described (eg Patent Literature 5). Citation List Patent Literature
    [006] Patent Literature 1: Published Patent Application JP. 200812586.
    [007] Patent Literature 2: Published Patent Application JP 200950109
    [008] Patent Literature 3: Published Patent Application JP 2000278955
    [009] Patent Literature 4: Published Patent Application JP H6-253540
    [0010] Patent Literature 5: JP Utility Model Publication H3-3189 SummaryTechnical Problem
    [0011] In the direct current power supply devices described in Patent Literatures 1 to 5, output voltages higher than the power supply voltages can be obtained. All output voltages are obtained by operations by the switching elements. When switching elements fail, in general, short-circuit breakage occurs. Therefore, in the case of a DC power supply device configured by switching elements connected in series, when only one of the switching elements fails, a short-circuit current does not flow from an AC power supply. . Therefore, there is a problem where the short circuit current is not detected and protection by a general fuse cannot be performed. Furthermore, when the failure of one switching element cannot be detected and a switching operation is continued, an overcurrent protection function works synchronously when the other switching element is activated, so there is a problem in that the other switching element cannot be activated and operation cannot be continued.
    [0012] The present invention has been conceived in view of the above and it is an object of the present invention to obtain a direct current power supply device that controls a full-wave rectification state and a boost state using two connected switching elements in series, the direct current power supply device being capable of detecting a short-circuit fault of a switching element. Solution to Problem
    [0013] In order to solve the aforementioned problems, a direct current power supply device according to the present invention is constructed in such a way as to include a rectifier connected to an alternating current power supply, a storage unit system including a first capacitor and a second capacitor connected in series, a switching unit including a first switching element and a second switching element connected in series, and reverse flow prevention elements which suppress a reverse flow of electrical charges from of the charge storage unit, a reactor, a control unit that controls operations of the first switching element and the second switching element, and a direct current voltage detection unit that detects a first voltage of both terminals, which is a voltage across the first capacitor and a second voltage across both terminals, which is a voltage across sec. undo capacitor, in which the rectifier and the switching unit are connected via the reactor, and the control unit detects, based on a voltage difference between the first voltage of both terminals and the second voltage of both terminals, a fault of short-circuit one of the first switching element and the second switching element. Advantageous Effects of the Invention
    [0014] A direct current power supply device, a motor drive device, an air conditioner and a refrigerator of the present invention achieve an effect that, in a direct current power supply device that controls a state of full wave rectification and a boost state by using two switching elements connected in series, it becomes possible to detect a short circuit fault of a switching element. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0015] FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram showing an example configuration of a direct current power supply device according to a first embodiment.
    [0016] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a switching control state in the DC power supply device according to the first embodiment.
    [0017] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing modes of operation in the direct current power supply device according to the first mode.
    [0018] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a switching operation waveform in the event of a short circuit failure of one of a first switching element and a second switching element.
    [0019] FIG. 5 is a flowchart to explain an example of a failure detection method for switching elements in the first embodiment.
    [0020] FIG. 6 is a flowchart to explain an example of a procedure for operating the non-failing switching element and deactivating a relay.
    [0021] FIG. 7 is a circuit block diagram showing an example configuration of a motor drive device according to a second embodiment.
    [0022] FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram showing an example configuration of an air conditioner according to a third embodiment.
    [0023] FIG. 9 is a flowchart to explain an example of a fault detection procedure prior to a start-up of a direct current power supply device. Description of Modalities
    [0024] Arrangements of a direct current power supply device, a motor drive device, an air conditioner and a refrigerator according to the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited by embodiments. First Mode
    [0025] FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram showing a configuration example of a first embodiment of a direct current power supply device 100 in accordance with the present invention. The direct current power supply device 100 of this embodiment is a power conversion device that converts an alternating current into a direct current. The direct current power supply device 100 converts a three-phase alternating current supplied from a power supply 1, which is an alternating current power supply, into a direct current and supplies the direct current to a load 11. load 11 can be any load as long as the load consumes power with a direct current. Like load 11, for example, an inverter load that drives a motor of a compressor used in an appliance to which a refrigeration cycle is applied is assumed. Examples of the appliance to which the refrigeration cycle is applied include an air conditioner, a freezer, a washer-dryer, a refrigerator, a dehumidifier, a heat pump type water heater, and a display case. Load 11 is not limited to the load of the appliance to which the refrigeration cycle is applied and can be a load on an appliance such as a vacuum cleaner, a fan motor, a blower fan, a hand dryer, a stove. electromagnetic induction heating and others.
    [0026] The direct current power supply device 100 includes a rectifier circuit (a rectifier) 2 which rectifies a three-phase alternating current, a reactor 3 connected to an output side of the rectifier circuit 2, a first capacitor 6a and a second capacitor 6b connected in series between output terminals to load 11, a switching unit 7 which selectively charges one or both of the first capacitor 6a and second capacitor 6b, a control unit 8 which controls switching unit 7, a unit a power supply voltage sensing unit 9 which detects a three-phase alternating current voltage, and a dc voltage sensing unit 10 which detects a dc voltage output to the load 11. The first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b configures a charge-accumulating unit that accumulates electrical charges. Note that in the example shown in FIG. 1, reactor 3 is connected to the output side of rectifier circuit 2. However, reactor 3 can be connected to an input side of rectifier circuit 2.
    [0027] Rectifier circuit 2 is a three-phase full wave rectifier circuit in which its rectifier diodes are connected in full bridge. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the power supply voltage detection unit 9 detects two-phase line voltages (one r phase and one s phase) in the three-phase alternating current supplied from the alternating current power supply 1.
    [0028] The switching unit 7 includes a first switching element 4a that switches charging and non-charging of the second capacitor 6b, a second switching element 4b that switches charging and non-charging of the first capacitor 6a, a first flux prevention element reverse 5a which prevents a reverse flow to the first switching element 4a of electrical charges charged in the first capacitor 6a and a second reverse flow prevention element 5b which prevents a reverse flow to the second switching element 4b of electrical charges charged in the second capacitor 6b.
    [0029] A midpoint of a series circuit including the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b and a midpoint 200 of a series circuit including the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b are connected and one unit of neutral line disconnection20 (the connection control unit) is arranged between the midpoints. The first capacitor 6a is connected to a collector of the first switching element 4a at a connection point 201. The first reverse flow prevention element 5a is connected in a forward direction to the connection point 201 between the collector of the first element switch 4a and the connection point 201. The second capacitor 6b is connected to an emitter of the second switching element 4b at a connection point 202. The second reverse flow prevention element 5b is connected in a direction for freight to the emitter of the second switching element 4b between the emitter of the second switching element 4b and the connection point 202.
    [0030] The capacities of the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b are the same. For the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b, for example, a semiconductor element such as a power transistor, a power MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), or an IGBT (bipolar transistor isolated port) is used.
    [0031] The control unit 8 controls (controls by switching) the activation and deactivation of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b to thereby control a direct current voltage supplied to the load 11. The switching control of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b by the control unit 8 is explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
    [0032] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a switching control state in the DC power supply device 100 of this embodiment. Note that in FIG. 2, for simplification of the figure, component reference signs are omitted.
    [0033] A state A shown in FIG. 2 represents a state where both of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b are controlled deactivated (controlled to be deactivated by the control unit 8). In this state, the charging of the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b is carried out.
    [0034] A state B shown in FIG. 2 represents a state in which the first switching element 4a is controlled on (controlled to be activated by the control unit 8) and the second switching element 4b is controlled off. In this state, only the second capacitor 6b is charged.
    [0035] A state C shown in FIG. 2 represents a state in which the second switching element 4b is controlled on and the first switching element 4a is controlled off. In this state, only the first capacitor 6a is charged.
    [0036] A state D shown in FIG. 2 represents a short-circuited state where both of the two switching elements 4a and 4b are controlled activated. In this state, neither the first capacitor 6a nor the second capacitor 6b is charged.
    [0037] In this mode, by switching the states shown in FIG. 2, an inrush current in which an electrical current flowing from the alternating current power supply 1 increases sharply, is suppressed while controlling the direct current voltage supplied to the load 11.
    [0038] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing modes of operation in the direct current power supply device 100 of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the DC power supply device 100 of this mode has, as the modes of operation, a full-wave rectification mode (a first mode) wherein the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b are always set in a control disabled state and a boost mode (a second mode) in which the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b are alternately controlled enabled.
    [0039] Like the booster mode, there are three types of a booster mode "a", a booster mode "b", and a booster mode "c". In boost mode "a", both duty cycles of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b are 50%. In boost mode "b", both duty cycles of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b are less than 50%. In boost mode "c", both duty cycles of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b are greater than 50%.
    [0040] In full-wave rectification mode, the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b are always set in the control-off state. Therefore, a full wave voltage rectified by the rectifier circuit 2 becomes an output voltage of the direct current power supply device 100.
    [0041] In boost mode "a", the activated timing of the first switching element 4a and deactivated synchronization of the second switching element 4b are substantially simultaneous. The disabled timing of the first switching element 4a and the enabled synchronization of the second switching element 4b are substantially simultaneous. Therefore, in boost mode "a", state B and state C shown in FIG. 2 are repeated. An output voltage at this point is approximately twice the output voltage in full-wave rectification mode. In this way, booster mode "a" is a dual voltage mode where the output voltage is approximately twice the output voltage in the full wave rectification mode.
    [0042] In boost mode "b", a period in which one of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b is activated and a simultaneous deactivation period in which both the first switching element 4a and the second element switches 4b are disabled are provided. In booster mode "b", a state transition from state B state A and state C ^ state A is cyclically repeated. An output voltage at this point is an intermediate voltage between the output voltage in full-wave rectification mode and the output voltage in booster mode "a" (the dual voltage mode).
    [0043] In boost mode "c", a period when one of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b is ON and a period when both of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b switching are enabled are provided. In the "c" booster mode, a state transition from state D to state C to state D to state B is cyclically repeated. In the period when both of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b are activated (the period of state D), energy is stored in reactor 3. An output voltage at this point is a voltage equal to or greater than the voltage. output in booster mode "a" (the dual voltage mode).
    [0044] In this way, in this mode, by changing the duty cycles of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b, it becomes possible to control the direct current voltage supplied to the load 11.
    [0045] This mode has an object to continue the operation of the DC power supply device and prevent a secondary failure when a short circuit failure of one of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b configuring switching unit 7 has occurred.
    [0046] When the short-circuit fault of one of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b occurs, one of the state B and state C shown in FIG. 2 cannot be performed. This is because the activation of the switching element that is not on a short-circuit fault is synonymous with the activation of both of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b, and the state of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b changes to state D.
    [0047] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a switching operation waveform in the event of a short circuit failure of one of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b. FIG. 4 depicts an example where a short circuit failure of one of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b has occurred in the boost mode "a" shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 4(a) is an operating waveform at the time when a short-circuit fault of the first switching element 4a has occurred. FIG. 4(b) is an operating waveform at the time when a short-circuit fault of switching element 4b has occurred.
    [0048] As shown in FIG. 4, for example, when the short-circuit failure of the first switching element 4a occurs, a period that is originally state C changes to state D. When the short-circuit failure of the second switching element 4b occurs, a period that is originally state B changes to state D. Depending on the switching element activation time not in short-circuit fault, if an input current from power supply 1 is small and is equal to or less to a current protection operation for the switching elements (the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b), the DC power supply device continues to operate in a state where a switching element is in short circuit fault.
    [0049] When a combined operation of state B and state D or state C and state D is performed as shown in FIG. 4, a problem is a charge shortening that occurs on one of the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b connected in series. When the combined operation of state B and state D or state C and state D is performed as shown in FIG. 4, electrical charges are supplied to charge 11 from capacitors. That is, the capacitors are discharging. However, if state B or state C is not present, charging to one of the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b cannot be performed.
    [0050] Therefore, when a short circuit fault of one of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b occurs, charging to one of the second capacitor 6b and the first capacitor 6a is not performed and only discharging is executed. Therefore, this capacitor drops into a non-dischargeable state due to a shortening of charge as time elapses.
    [0051] Therefore, in this mode, the direct current voltage detection unit 10 detects both of a voltage across the first capacitor 6a and a voltage across the second capacitor 6b. The detection of the voltage across the first capacitor 6a can be, for example, a method of directly detecting the voltage with a differential amplifier such as an operational amplifier, or it can be a method of indirectly detecting the voltage across the first capacitor 6a by subtracting the voltage across the second capacitor 6b of a voltage across the series circuit including the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b. Methods other than these methods can also be adopted.
    [0052] If a voltage difference between the voltage across the first capacitor 6a and the voltage across the second capacitor 6b is observed, it is possible to detect that only one of the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b is not charged, in other words , the voltage difference becomes unbalanced and a potential difference has a big difference. By detecting the voltage imbalance, it is possible to detect that a short-circuit fault of one of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b has occurred.
    [0053] FIG. 5 is a flowchart to explain an example of a failure detection method for the switching elements of this embodiment. The dc voltage detection unit 10 senses the voltage across the first capacitor 6a (step S1) and detects the voltage across the second capacitor 6b (step S2). In FIG. 5, steps S1 and S2 are performed in this order. However, step S1 and step S2 can be performed simultaneously or they can be performed in the order step S2 and step S1. The control unit 8 acquires the voltage across the first capacitor 6a and the voltage across the second capacitor 6b from the direct current detection unit and calculates a voltage difference between the voltages (step S3). [
    [0054] The control unit 8 determines based on the voltage difference whether unbalance is present between the voltage across the first capacitor 6a and the voltage across the second capacitor 6b (step S4). Specifically, for example, the control unit 8 determines whether unbalance is present by determining whether the voltage difference 10 is equal to or greater than a fixed value. If unbalance is present (unbalance is present in step S4), the control unit 8 determines whether the voltage across the first capacitor 6a is higher than the voltage across the second capacitor 6b (step S5). If the voltage across the first capacitor 6a is higher than the voltage across the second capacitor 6b (Yes in step S5), the control unit 8 determines that a failure of the second switching element 4b has occurred (step S6). The control unit 8 then interrupts the switching operations of both of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b (step S8) and instructs the neutral line disconnect unit 20 to effect the disconnect. The neutral line disconnect unit 20 breaks the connection between a connection point of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b and a connection point of the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b (step S9). In step S8, instead of interrupting the switching operations, only the switching element that did not fail can be changed to an operating state of disabled, and by still performing the disconnection in step S9, thereafter the switching elements can be operated in full-wave rectification mode (the A state in FIG. 2).
    [0055] If the voltage across the first capacitor 6a is no higher than the voltage across the second capacitor 6b (Not in step S5), the control unit 8 determines that it is the first switching element 4a (step S7) and proceeds to step S8. If it is determined in step S4 that unbalance is absent (unbalance is absent in step S4), the control unit 8 determines that the switching elements are normal (step S10) and continues operation.
    [0056] As explained above, when the non-failed switching element performs the activation operation, the switching elements enter the power supply short-circuit state (the D state in FIG. 2). Therefore, when a short-circuit current increases, a current protection function not shown for the switching elements operates. The D state of the short circuit is allowed if the D state is at a level that does not cause a current break in the switching elements. However, the switching operation is interrupted to protect the switching element that has not failed.
    [0057] For the neutral line disconnect unit20, for example, a relay can be used. On the other hand, when the relay is deactivated in a state where an electrical current flows, an arc is generated, a contact point melts and sometimes the relay cannot be deactivated. Therefore, the non-failed switching element is operated to deactivate the relay. If the switching elements are operating, because the switching elements are in the D state, an electrical current does not flow to a neutral line (the connecting line connecting the connection point of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b and the connection point of the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b). Therefore, no arc is generated and the relay can be deactivated. If the neutral line is disconnected, the switching elements do enter state D. Therefore, if the switching element that did not fail is kept disabled, this is synonymous with state A shown in FIG. 2, and it becomes possible to leave a deficient state where only one capacitor cannot be charged. By setting both switching elements in the off state, it becomes possible to make the switching elements perform an operation that is the same as normal full-wave rectification. There is no limitation on synchronization when processing shown in FIG. 5 is performed. However, for example, processing can be performed periodically or can be performed when a mode is changed. As the influence due to a failure of the switching elements is different depending on the mode, a frequency of carrying out the processing shown in FIG. 6 can be changed according to the mode.
    [0058] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure for operating the non-failing switching element and deactivating the relay. The operation shown in FIG. 6 is performed instead of steps S8 and S9 of FIG. 5. That is, a "point a" shown in FIG. 5 is a starting point of the flowchart of FIG. 6. After that, the operation shown in FIG. 6 is performed instead of steps S8 and S9.
    [0059] As shown in FIG. 6, first, the control unit 8 determines whether the failed switching element is the first switching element 4a (step S11). If the failed switching element is the first switching element 4a (Yes in step S11), the control unit 8 determines whether it is the time when the second switching element 4b is activated (step S12). If it is the time when the second switching element 4b is activated (Yes in step S12), the control unit 8 instructs the neutral line disconnection unit20 to perform the disconnection. The neutral line disconnect unit20 disconnects the neutral line (step S14). The control unit 8 stops the operation of the switching elements (step S15) or operates the switching elements in full-wave rectification mode.
    [0060] If it is not the time when the second switching element 4b is activated (Not in step S12), the control unit 8 repeats step S12 and remains on guard until the time when the second switching element 4b is activated. If the failed switching element is not the first switching element 4a (Not in step S11), the control unit 8 determines whether it is the time when the first switching element 4a is activated (step S13). If it is the time when the first switching element 4a is activated (Yes in step S13), the control unit 8 proceeds to step S14. If it is not the time when the first switching element 4a is activated (Not in step S13), the control unit 8 repeats step S13 and remains on hold until the time when the first switching element 4a is activated.
    [0061] When the procedure shown in FIG. 5 is used, it is possible to protect immediately without generating the short-circuit state of the power supply (the D state). On the other hand, when the procedure shown in FIG. 6 is used, an inexpensive relay can be applied as the neutral line disconnect unit 20. If a short-circuit current in the short-circuit state of the power supply (the D state) is less than the protection operation for the switching elements, it becomes possible to safely disconnect the neutral line by having the neutral line disconnect unit 20 disconnect the neutral line when an electrical current does not flow. Consequently, it is possible to maintain full wave rectification (the A state) regardless of a failure of the switching elements. Therefore, it is possible to obtain protection with high reliability.
    [0062] As explained above, in this mode, it becomes possible to detect the switching element that failed by detecting the respective voltages across the two capacitors and detecting a voltage difference between them. Consequently, it is possible to provide the DC power supply device with high reliability, which is in the state of full wave rectification but can continue an operation even after a failure of the switching elements. In particular, it is possible to prevent damage from scattering by always performing detection in the dual voltage mode where the switching elements perform a switching operation. By having the neutral line disconnect unit 20 disconnect the neutral line in a state where the non-failed switching element is activated, it is possible to provide highly reliable protection sequence processing, in which the neutral line can be disconnected without generating bow. Second Mode.
    [0063] FIG. 7 is a circuit block diagram showing an example configuration of a motor drive device in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 7, components performing operations that are the same as the operations in the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by numbers and reference signs identical to the numbers and reference signs in the first embodiment. Redundant explanation of components is omitted. The motor drive device shown in FIG. 7 includes the direct current power supply device 100 in accordance with the first embodiment. The load 11 shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to an inverter 30 and an electric motor 31 shown in FIG. 7. Inverter 30 is connected to both terminals of a series circuit configured by the first capacitor 6a and the second capacitor 6b. A direct current voltage is released to inverter 30.
    [0064] The motor drive device according to this modality includes a current detector 32 and a drive control unit 33 in addition to the direct current power supply device 100 according to the first modality. The current detector 32 (32a and 32b) detects an electrical current flowing to the electric motor 31. The drive control unit 33 controls the inverter 30 based on an electrical current detected by the current detector 32 and a voltage of direct current. detected by the dc voltage detection unit 10.
    [0065] The electric motor 31 is controlled to be driven by the inverter 30. Therefore, an operating range of driving the electric motor 31 changes according to a direct current voltage that enters the inverter 30. In particular, when the motor Electric 31 is an electric motor in which a permanent magnet is used in a rotor, a direct current from the electric motor 31 also affects a magnetic characteristic of the permanent magnet used in the rotor.
    [0066] A permanent magnet motor in which, for example, a rare earth magnet having strong magnetism is used as the material of a permanent magnet is applied. Torque is generated with a small electrical current because the rare earth magnet has strong magnetism. Therefore, the rare earth magnet is applied to the electric motor 31 used in an apparatus where energy saving is required. However, as the rare earth magnet is a rare metal called rare earth, it is difficult to acquire the rare earth magnet. In a permanent magnet motor where the rare earth magnet is not used and a magnet such as ferrite having weaker magnetism than the rare earth magnet is used, in the same electric current, the output torque is small compared to when the rare earth magnet is used. Therefore, in the permanent magnet motor including the magnet such as ferrite having weak magnetism, an electrical current is increased by a decreased amount in the magnetism of the magnet to supplement the torque. Alternatively, as the output torque is proportional to an electrical current x the number of windings in a wire, the number of windings is increased to supplement the output torque without increasing the electrical current. When the electrical current is increased, a loss of copper from the electric motor 31 and a conduction pear in the inverter 30 increases.
    [0067] When the number of windings is increased without increasing the electric current to avoid increasing losses, an induced voltage corresponding to the number of revolutions of the electric motor 31 increases. Inverter 30 requires a higher direct current voltage than the induced voltage. Therefore, when the number of windings is increased, it is necessary to increase the DC voltage.
    [0068] Therefore, in this mode, in the motor driving device, the direct current power supply device 100 explained in the first mode is used as the direct current power supply device that supplies electrical power to the inverter 30 that drives the electric motor 31. Consequently, it becomes possible to supply various types of direct current voltages such as the full wave rectification state, the double voltage rectification state and others to the inverter 30. Therefore, when an electric motor in which the number of windings is increased without using the rare earth magnet, it is used as the electric motor 31, it is possible to supply a suitable direct current voltage to the electric motor 31. Therefore, it is possible to drive the electric motor 31 without increasing a loss of the electric motor 31 in which the rare earth magnet is not used.
    [0069] Using the direct current power supply device 100 according to the first modality, an appropriate voltage is applied to the electric motor 31 According to an operating state (an amount of charge) of the electric motor 31, and so , a drive operation with high efficiency becomes possible. Specifically, the drive control unit 33 holds an operating state of the electric motor 31 based on an electrical current detected by the current detector 32 and indicates a voltage to the control unit 8 based on the operating state. The control unit selects a mode (full wave rectification mode, booster mode "a", booster mode "b", or booster mode "c") of the switching unit 7 to adjust a voltage at the indicated voltage and operates the switching unit 7 in the selected mode.
    [0070] In particular, in the electric motor 31 in which a magnet such as ferrite having small magnetism compared to rare earth is used, as an appropriate voltage is applied according to an operating state, it becomes possible to suppress an increase in a loss and perform a drive operation with high efficiency. Therefore, the direct current power supply device 100 is suitable as a direct current power supply device for an inverter that drives the ferrite permanent magnet motor or the like.
    [0071] In addition, a MOSFET called "MOSFET of a junction superstructure" is used in one or more of the elements (the first switching element 4a, the second switching element 4b, the first reverse flow prevention element 5a, the second reverse flow prevention element 5b, and the rectifier element configuring the rectifier circuit 2) configuring the direct current power supply device according to this mode and the switching elements of the inverter 30. Consequently, it becomes possible obtain a further reduction in a loss and thus it also becomes possible to provide a highly efficient direct current power supply device. Note that the junction superstructure is a structure having a deeper P-layer than a normal MOSFET, and it is known that the deep P-layer is largely in contact with an n-layer, thus having high tensile strength at the same time. which has low resistance activated.
    [0072] Needless to say, it is possible to provide the direct current power supply device having a lower loss even when at least one of the elements configuring the direct current power supply device according to this modality and the elements of Inverter 30 switching is configured by a wide-range semiconductor such as GaN (gallium nitride), SiC (silicon carbide), and diamond. In addition, the voltage resistance increases and the allowable current density also increases because the wide-range semiconductor is used. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the MOSFET. It is possible to reduce the size of a semiconductor module by incorporating these elements. As the thermal resistance is also high, it is also possible to reduce the size of the thermal radiation fins of a heat sink. Furthermore, the wide-range semiconductor has a higher holding voltage than the conventional silicon semiconductor (Si) and acts dominantly at an increase in a voltage. Therefore, by configuring the direct current power supply device or the inverter 30 having a low loss and a high voltage, it becomes possible to further derive wide-range semiconductor characteristics
    [0073] As explained above, in this mode, the example in which the direct current power supply device 100 according to the first mode is applied to the motor drive device is explained. In the motor drive device according to this mode, it is possible to properly control, according to the configuration (the type of permanent magnet, the number of windings, etc.) and an operating state of the electric motor 31, a supplied voltage to the inverter 30 which controls to drive the electric motor 31 to drive. Consequently, even when the electric motor 31 including the magnet such as ferrite having small magnetism compared to rare earth is controlled to be driven, it is possible to suppress a loss and obtain an efficient drive operation. When one of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b fails, it is possible to obtain effects identical to the effects described in the first embodiment. Third Modality.
    [0074] FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram showing an example configuration of an air conditioner in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. The air conditioner according to this embodiment includes the motor drive device explained in the second embodiment. The air conditioner according to this embodiment includes a refrigeration cycle with a compressor 41 incorporating the electric motor 31 in the second embodiment, a four-way valve 42, an external heat exchanger 43, an expansion valve 44 and an exchanger of interior heat 45 are connected via a refrigerant pipe 46. The air conditioner configures a separate type air conditioner.
    [0075] A compression mechanism 47 that compresses a refrigerant and the electric motor 31 that operates the compression mechanism 47 are provided inside the compressor 41. The refrigerant circulates between the heat exchangers 43 and 45 from the compressor 41, by the that the refrigeration cycle that effects cooling and heating and the like is established. The circuit block shown in FIG. 8 can be applied not only to the air conditioner, but also to appliances including the refrigeration cycle such as a refrigerator and a freezer.
    [0076] With the refrigeration cycle, the air conditioner that performs cooling and heating changes to a steady state when an ambient temperature approaches a fixed ambient temperature preset by a user. The inverter 30 operates to make the electric motor 31 mounted on the compressor 41 rotate at low speed. Therefore, as low speed rotation is continued for a long time in the air conditioner, the improvement in efficiency during low speed operation contributes considerably to energy savings. Consequently, when an electric motor including a rare earth magnet or a permanent magnet with an increased number of windings and weak magnetism to reduce an electric current is used for the electric motor 31, the electric motor contributes to energy savings.
    [0077] On the other hand, when the first switching element 4a or the second switching element 4b fails, if the electric motor 31 is not operated, the air conditioner does not work. In particular, when the first switching element 4a or the second switching element 4b fails in mid-summer or mid-winter, the influence on a human organism such as heat stroke is great. Furthermore, in the case of a refrigerator and a display case, food stored inside is likely to spoil.
    [0078] In this mode, as in the first mode, when the first switching element 4a or the second switching element 4b fails, the failure is detected to make the neutral line disconnect unit 20 disconnect the neutral line. Consequently, the DC power supply device can operate for full wave rectification only. Consequently, although a high-speed rotating operation to increase an electromotive voltage of the electric motor 31 cannot be performed, a low-speed rotating operation can be continued.
    [0079] Therefore, when the first switching element 4a or the second switching element 4b detects a failure, the air conditioner according to this mode can notify the user with alarm or similar and perform emergency operation only in low speed speed until the switching element is repaired. Consequently, even if the switching element fails in mid-summer or mid-winter, emergency rotation is possible. It is possible to eliminate the influence on a human organism as much as possible. When it is applied to the refrigerator and display case, it is possible to preserve time before food spoils and thus it is possible to suppress damage due to a failure.
    [0080] In the air conditioner according to this embodiment, it is also possible to detect a failure of the switching element 4a or the second switching element 4b during the start of the direct current power supply device 100 (ie, before the start of the switching operation of the switching element 4a or the second switching element 4b). FIG. 9 is a flowchart to explain an example of a fault detection procedure before starting the DC power supply device 100. First, in case of a short circuit failure of both of the first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b, when the direct current power supply device 100 is started, a power supply short circuit occurs. The first switching element 4a and the second switching element 4b are protected by tripping a non-shown circuit breaker or fuse that melts in such a way that an electrical current is not supplied from the power supply 1.
    [0081] As shown in FIG. 9, the neutral line disconnect unit 20 is set to a disabled (disconnected) state first, and energization from power supply 1 is initiated (step S21). After that, the control unit 8 activates the first switching element 4a (step S22). In this state, the control unit 8 determines whether a short-circuit current flows from power supply 1 (step S23). If the short-circuit current does not flow (Not in step S23), the control unit 8 determines that the first switching element 4a has not failed. The control unit 8 disables the first switching element 4a and enables the second switching element 4b (step S25). In this state, the control unit 8 determines whether short-circuit current flows from power supply 1 (step S26). If the short circuit current does not flow (Not in step S26), the control unit 8 determines that both switching elements are normal (step S28), and allows implementation of a normal switching operation (step S29).
    [0082] If the short-circuit current flows in step S23 (Yes in step S23), the control unit 8 determines that the second switching element 4b has failed (step S24). Control unit 8 prohibits the implementation of normal switching operation (step S30). Alternatively, control unit 8 only allows emergency operation (full wave rectification mode). If the short circuit current flows in step S26 (Yes in step S26), the control unit 8 determines that the first switching element 4a has failed (step S27) and proceeds to step S30.
    [0083] A detection method for the short-circuit current coming from the power supply 1 is not illustrated in FIGS. 1, 7, and 8. However, the detection method can be a method of winding a secondary winding wire around the reactor 3 and detecting an induced voltage of the secondary winding wire or it can be a method of predicting a current sensor between the switching unit 7 and the rectifier 2 and detecting the short-circuit current. The detection method can be other detection methods. When the secondary winding wire is wound around the reactor 3 to detect the induced voltage of the secondary winding wire, the reactor 3 has a function of a short-circuit current detection unit. When the current sensor is provided between the switching unit 7 and the rectifier 2 to detect the short-circuit current, the current sensor functions as the short-circuit current detection unit. Note that when both switching elements fail simultaneously, as explained above, the switching elements are protected by the fuse or circuit breaker.
    [0084] An efficiency improvement can be obtained in a motor drive device including a direct current power supply device capable of boosting a direct current voltage to double. On the other hand, components that are likely to fail because of the addition of switching elements increase. However, if the direct current power supply device 100 explained in the first embodiment is used, even if the switching elements fail, the switching elements do not fail in an operation failure. By specifying a fault part and setting the operation of the electric motor 31 in low speed rotation operation, it is possible to make the switching elements continue operation.
    [0085] As explained in the second mode, the air conditioner according to this mode can efficiently control to drive the electric motor 31 including a permanent magnet with an increased number of windings and weak magnetism even if a rare earth magnet, which is a rare metal, it is not used. Therefore, when the electric motor 31 including the permanent magnet with the increased number of windings and the weak magnetism is used, it is also possible to obtain energy savings. The air conditioner according to this mode can detect a failure of the switching elements even during normal operation or before starting. Therefore, it is possible to continue an operation under an emergency operation.
    [0086] In particular, when the motor drive device according to the second mode is applied to an apparatus that always operates for twenty-four hours as a refrigerator, because operation in a low current state in low speed rotation is long, it is possible to obtain energy savings at low costs with the electric motor 31 to which a ferrite magnet or similar with an increased number of windings is applied. Industrial Applicability
    [0087] As explained above, the direct current power supply device according to the present invention can be used in a power supply device for a load that effects power consumption with a direct current and can be used particularly as a power supply device for an inverter that requires a direct current power supply device. In addition to obtaining energy savings by applying to an inverter that drives a permanent magnet motor, it is possible to configure an inexpensive motor drive device with a high energy saving property without using a rare earth magnet, which is a rare metal. Therefore, the direct current power supply device can also be applied to general electrical household appliances such as a refrigerator, a dehumidifier, a heat pump type water heater, a shop window and a vacuum cleaner in addition to a water conditioner. air, a freezer and a washer dryer. The direct current power supply device can also be applied to a fan motor, a fan blower, a hand dryer, an electromagnetic induction heating stove and others.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. A direct current power supply device (100), comprising: a rectifier (2) connected to an alternating current power supply; a charge storage unit (6) including a first capacitor and a second capacitor connected to series; a switching unit (7) including a first switching element (4a) and a second switching element (4b) connected in series and reverse flow prevention elements (5a, 5b) which suppresses a reverse flow of electrical charges from the load storage unit (6); a control unit (8) which controls operations of the first switching element (4a) and the second switching element (4b); and, a direct current voltage detection unit (10) which detects a first voltage from both terminals, which is a voltage across the first capacitor, and a second voltage from both terminals, which is a voltage across the second capacitor; by the fact that the control unit (8) detects, based on a voltage difference between the first voltage of both terminals and the second voltage of both terminals, a short-circuit failure of one of the first switching element ( 4a) and the second switching element (4b).
    [0002]
    2. Direct current power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a short-circuit current detection unit (3) that detects a short-circuit current flowing from the supply of alternating current supply (1), in which the control unit (8) detects, prior to a start of a switching operation of the switching unit (7), based on whether the short-circuit current is detected in a state in which one of the first switching element (4a) and the second switching element (4b) is activated and the other switching element is deactivated, if a short-circuit fault of the other switching element has occurred.
    [0003]
    3. A direct current power supply device (100), comprising: a rectifier (2) connected to an alternating current power supply; a charge storage unit (6) including a first capacitor (6a) and a second capacitor (6b) connected in series; a switching unit including a first switching element and a second switching element connected in series and reverse flow prevention elements which suppress a reverse flow of electrical charges from the charge storage unit a control unit (8) controlling operations of the first switching element (4a) and the second switching element (4b); and, a short-circuit current detection unit that detects a short-circuit current flowing from the alternating current power supply; characterized by the fact that the control unit (8) detects, before a start of a switching operation of the switching unit (7), based on whether the short-circuit current is detected in a state where one of the first switching element (4a) and the second switching element (4b) is activated and the other switching element is deactivated, if a short-circuit fault of the other switching element has occurred.
    [0004]
    4. Direct current power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a connection control unit (20) that switches disconnection or connection of a first midpoint, which is a midpoint between the first switching element (4a) and the second switching element (4b), and a second midpoint, which is a midpoint between the first capacitor (6a) and the second capacitor (6b), wherewhen if it detects the short-circuit fault, the control unit (8) instructs the connecting control unit (20) to disconnect the first midpoint and the second midpoint interrupts an operation of the switching unit (7).
    [0005]
    5. Direct current power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it additionally comprises a connection control unit (20) that switches disconnection and connection of a midpoint, which is a midpoint between the first switching element (4a) and the second switching element (4b), and the second midpoint, which is a midpoint between the first capacitor (6a) and the second capacitor (6b), where when detects the short circuit failure, the control unit (8) instructs the connection control unit (20) to disconnect the first midpoint and the second midpoint and operates in a state where the switching element in which the Short circuit failure has not occurred of the first switching element (4a) and the second switching element (4b) is deactivated.
    [0006]
    6. Direct current power supply device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises, in a case where the short circuit failure is detected, when the switching element in which the short circuit is detected is activated, the control unit (8) instructs the connecting control unit (20) to disconnect the first midpoint and the second midpoint.
    [0007]
    7. Device for supplying direct current power according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the first switching element (4a), the second switching element (4b), the elements of reverse flow prevention (5a, 5b), and rectifier elements configuring the rectifier (2) is formed by a wide range semiconductor.
    [0008]
    8. Direct current power supply device according to claim 7, characterized in that the wide range semiconductor is silicon carbide, a material based on gallium nitride or diamond.
    [0009]
    9. Motor drive device that drives an electric motor (31), the motor drive device characterized in that it comprises: the direct current power supply device (100) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8; an inverter (30) which controls the electric motor (31) using a direct current supplied from the direct current power supply device (100); a current sensing unit (32) which detects a flowing electric current for the electric motor; and, a drive control unit (33) which controls the inverter (30) based on the electrical current detected by the current sensing unit (32).
    [0010]
    10. Motor drive device according to claim 9, characterized in that: the drive control unit (33) determines, based on a load amount of the electric motor (31), a direct current voltage supplied to the inverter (30) and indicates the voltage determined for the DC power supply device (100); and, the direct current power supply device (100) controls, based on the indication from the drive control unit (33), the direct current voltage to be supplied to the inverter.
    [0011]
    11. Motor drive device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the electric motor (31) includes a permanent magnet composed of a material other than a rare earth element.
    [0012]
    12. Motor drive device according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that each of the switching elements configuring the inverter (30) is formed by a semiconductor with a wide range interval.
    [0013]
    13. Motor drive device according to claim 12, characterized in that the wide-range semiconductor is silicon carbide, a material based on gallium nitride, or diamond.
    [0014]
    14. Air conditioner, characterized in that it comprises: the engine drive device as defined in any one of claims 9 to 13; and, a compressor (41) including an electric motor (31) driven by the motor drive device.
    [0015]
    15. Refrigerator, characterized in that it comprises: the engine drive device as defined in any one of claims 9 to 13; and, a compressor (41) including an electric motor (31) driven by the motor drive device.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN105637749B|2018-03-30|
    KR101804713B1|2018-01-10|
    BR112016008101B8|2021-08-31|
    JP6129331B2|2017-05-17|
    CA2927417A1|2015-04-23|
    MX2016004683A|2016-07-22|
    US20160248352A1|2016-08-25|
    JPWO2015056340A1|2017-03-09|
    CA2927417C|2018-02-20|
    WO2015056340A1|2015-04-23|
    MX353700B|2018-01-25|
    CN105637749A|2016-06-01|
    KR20160052698A|2016-05-12|
    US9628003B2|2017-04-18|
    CN204334356U|2015-05-13|
    BR112016008101A2|2017-08-01|
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    法律状态:
    2020-01-21| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-04| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 18/10/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    2021-08-17| B09W| Correction of the decision to grant [chapter 9.1.4 patent gazette]|Free format text: RETIFICACAO DO DESPACHO 9.1, PUBLICADO NA RPI 2626, DE 04/05/2021. |
    2021-08-31| B16C| Correction of notification of the grant [chapter 16.3 patent gazette]|Free format text: REFERENTE AO DESPACHO 16.1 PUBLICADO NA RPI 2636, QUANTO AO QUADRO REIVINDICATORIO |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/JP2013/078298|WO2015056340A1|2013-10-18|2013-10-18|Dc power source device, motor drive device, air conditioner, and refrigerator|
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